Subpart Z
The standard at 1910.1010 covers benzidine specifically—it is the OSHA entry for the benzidine carcinogen. See 1910.1010. It is placed in 29 CFR Part 1910 Subpart Z, which is the section of OSHA rules titled “Toxic and Hazardous Substances.”
You should consult 1910.1003 for the official list and treatment of the 13 carcinogens referenced by 1910.1010. See 1910.1003 for the list and related regulatory text. The benzidine entry points readers to that section for the carcinogen listing.
1910.1010 identifies benzidine as the subject and references the carcinogen listing and related rules; the official regulatory citation and amendment history are available at the benzidine entry itself. See 1910.1010 and the Part 1910 table of rules at 1910. The benzidine page includes its Federal Register redesignation and amendment history for reference.
1910.1010 itself identifies benzidine and directs you to the carcinogen framework—specific exposure limits and control measures are addressed in the referenced carcinogen rules and related Subpart Z provisions. Start with 1910.1003 and review other Subpart Z rules in 29 CFR Part 1910 for applicable exposure, monitoring, and worker-protection requirements.
Yes—when a state operates an OSHA-approved State Plan, its rules may be as protective as or more protective than federal OSHA, so you must follow the state plan where it applies. OSHA has explained that State Plans may have more stringent requirements and employers in those States must follow the State’s rules; see the discussion in the asbestos interpretation where OSHA notes State Plans may enact stricter requirements (Asbestos remediation protocols). Also consult the federal benzidine entry at 1910.1010 and the Part 1910 index (1910).
No—the brief benzidine entry names the substance and points to the carcinogen framework; it does not, by itself, spell out detailed employer duties. To determine duties such as labeling, training, or medical surveillance you must consult the applicable carcinogen and Subpart Z requirements referenced by the benzidine entry, starting with 1910.1003 and other standards in 29 CFR Part 1910.
Confirm by checking the carcinogen listing and definitions in 1910.1003, since the benzidine entry directs users to that section for the list of 13 carcinogens. The 1910.1003 text is the primary place OSHA uses to identify carcinogens covered by Part 1910 regulations.
For official guidance and clarifications, review OSHA’s Letters of Interpretation and agency directives that explain how standards apply to particular situations. The benzidine entry itself is brief, so consult 1910.1010 and search OSHA’s Letters of Interpretation for topics relevant to carcinogens or Subpart Z. OSHA’s published interpretation letters (for example, the asbestos interpretation at https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/standardinterpretations/2024-11-14) show the type of clarifying guidance you can request or review.
Yes—the benzidine entry includes its Federal Register redesignation and amendment history, which shows when the rule was added or amended and can help you trace regulatory changes. See the benzidine page at 1910.1010 for the listed Federal Register citations and dates of amendments.
Start by treating benzidine as a carcinogen and review the detailed requirements referenced by the benzidine entry: consult 1910.1003 for the carcinogen listing, then review related Subpart Z provisions in 29 CFR Part 1910 that address exposure controls, monitoring, and worker protections. If your workplace is in a State with an OSHA-approved State Plan, verify any State-specific rules as they may be more stringent (see the asbestos interpretation at https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/standardinterpretations/2024-11-14).